That concept is known today as the moisturedensity relationship test, laboratory compaction characteristics of soils, or simply the standard proctor test, and is detailed in astm d698 and aashto t 99 test methods. Weight of the mould without base plate and collar is. This method covers the determination of the relationship between the moisture content and density of soils compacted in a mould of a given size with a 2. Soil compaction is the process in which stress is applied to a soil which causes densification as the voids are filled with solids. Standard proctor test procedure four to five representative samples of soils are obtained each about 2. Note 2soils and soil aggregate mixtures should be regarded as natural occurring fine or coarsegrained soils or composites or mixtures of natural soils, or mixtures of natural and processed soils or aggregates such as silt, gravel, or crushed rock. The nebraska department of roads specifies the standard proctor test astm d 698aashto t 99 as the method of estimating maximum dry density and optimum moisture content for subgrades and compacted fill sections. Note 2soils and soilaggregate mixtures should be regarded as natural occurring fine or coarsegrained soils or composites or mixtures of natural soils, or mixtures of natural and processed soils or. Soil that needs to be compacted is placed in a standard mold and compacted fig. Maximum dry density of soil and optimum moisture content test. What is the difference between standard proctor test and. Compaction is measured using an industry standard proctor test.
The soil moisture content and the degree of dry density to which the soil is prepared to be compacted maintain a definite relationship. The standard proctor test astm d698 employs 12,400 ftlbsft. The test now known as the british standard light compaction test is very similar, although the equipment used differs in some details. Astm d698 00a standard test methods for laboratory.
The standard proctor test astm d698 employs 12,400 ftlbsft3 of soil, while the modified proctor astm. Surface compaction compaction that occurs in the surface plow layer. The modified proctor uses a 10 lb rammer falling 18, also in a standard mold. Modified proctor test an overview sciencedirect topics. Pdf use of proctor compaction testing for deep fill construction. Proctor soil compaction test procedures, tools and results. Determination of water content dry density relation using heavy compaction. Soil compaction decrease in soil volume and porosity, or increase in soil bulk density, due to mechanical stress on soil, for example, from traffic of agricultural machinery. Soil mechanics i, standart proctor compaction test. The proctor compaction test is a test that compacts the soil material at various moisture contents. A modified proctor test is conducted by placing soil in a standard mold and compacted with a standard ram.
Proctor test astm d155791 the proctor, or modified proctor test, determines the maximum. Standard proctor test an overview sciencedirect topics. Compaction of soil process, necessity and theory of. The amount of soil used shall be sufficient to fill the mould leaving not more than about 6mm to be struck off when the extension is removed. The proctor compaction test is a test that compacts the soil material at various moisture. Standard proctor test or proctor compaction test was the original test devised by an american engineer ralph r. Evaluation of laboratory compaction procedures for specification of. The water contentdensity relationship indicating the increased density resulting from the addition of water and applied compaction effort. Indian institute of technology gandhinagar department of. Proctor mould having a capacity of 944 cc with an internal diameter of 10. Astm d698 12e2 standard test methods for laboratory. Soil mechanics laboratory compaction testlight weightstandard proctor compaction is 2720part vii1980 reaffirmed2011 theory. Standard proctor test for soils abstract soil compaction is the process in which stress is applied to a soil which causes densification as the voids.
The sample must be obtained cautiously and the amount must be enough to suffice the requirements of 4 to 5 repetition while filling the molds as well as the containers for the moisture content determination. This is important not only for durability, but will save money because less compaction effort is needed to achieve the desired results. In geotechnical engineering, soil compactionis the process in which a stress applied to a soilcauses densification as air is. The test made use of a hand rammer and a cylindrical mould with a volume of ft3, and became known as the standard proctor compaction test proctor, 1933. Standard proctor test in larger capacity mould is carried out for soils whose percentage retained on 4. The degree of compaction of a given soil is measured in terms of its dry density. This can be measured by mainly two methods standard proctor compaction test and modified proctor compaction test. The details included in this test method are for use with the standard proctor test. Dynamic cbr test to assess the soil compaction article pdf available in journal of testing and evaluation 435. Soil is a silty clay, ll 37, pi 14, standard proctor compaction after johnson and sallberg, 1960. Im 309 determining standard proctor moisture density relationship of soils. In geotechnical engineering, soil compactionis the process in which a stress applied to a soilcauses densification as air is displaced from the pores between the soil grains.
Determination of water contentdry density relation using light compaction. Compaction of soil is the optimal moisture content at which a given soil type becomes most dense and achieve its maximum dry density by removal of air voids. Unit weights and moisture content field tests could now be expressed as a percent of the laboratory values for the same soil. The ability to compact a soil depends on the water content of the soil. The standard proctor compaction test was developed by r. Note 1 it is important that the water is mixed thoroughly and adequately with the soil, since inadequate mixing gives rise to variable test results. For projects where impact rollers are used, the modified proctor test is.
His original test is most commonly referred to as the standard proctor compaction test. In a standard proctor test a sample of silty sand was compacted in a mold whose volume is ft 3. Compaction of soil in to mould remove the extension and carefully level the compacted soil to the top of mould by means of straight edge. A soils optimum moisture content is usually lower when compacted to modified proctor versus standard proc. For determination of the relation between the water content and the dry density of soils using light compaction. The proctor compaction test is a laboratory method of experimentally determining the optimal moisture content at which a given soil type will become most dense and achieve its maximum dry density. Proctor, who in 1933 showed that the dry density of a soil for a given comp active effort depends on the amount of water the soil contains during soil compaction. This is a laboratory run test that determines the maximum theoretical dry density of soils utilizing a 5. If the specific gravity of solids g s for the soil is 2. The determination of maximum dry density and optimum moisture content of the soil is a measure of compaction level of soils. Compaction of soil at maximum dry density is required in many engineering projects. The moisture content dry density relationship of the soil obtained from proctors test forms the basis for. At that time it was believed that the proctor test represented in the laboratory the state. This typically leads to variances between 8% and 11%, as shown above.
We know that the conditions of site and that of the laboratory are different altogether. The test is used to define the optimum level of soil or aggregate that can be compacted into a unit volume with. The objective of the test is used to determine the compaction characteristics of a soil. Compaction of soil is the optimal moisture content at which a given soil type becomes most dense and achieve its. Mustafa abuzer karadag 1062 muhammed aslan sevinc 1083 eda kotan 121064 ahmet akcan 1002 burak sen 121082.
The use of the standard proctor or modified proctor should be used at. Standard test methods for laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using standard effort 12 400 ftlbfft 3600 knmm 1 this standard is issued under the. Get a copy of each standard astm d698 for standard proctor and astm d1557 for modified proctor and read it. Because of the importance of compaction in most earth works standard procedures have been developed.
The standard proctor test approximates maximum soil density capable of being produced by early generations of construction equipment. Standard test methods for laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using modi. Proctor showing that for a given compaction effort, the density of soil depends on the type of soil and moisture content. Weight of the mould without base plate and collar is taken. The test is named in honor of ralph roscoe proctor, who in 1933 showed that the dry density of a soil for a given compactive effort depends on the amount of water the soil contains during soil. Soil 2 sand 110 105 93% soil 3 clay 88 84 82% 95% standard vs modified proctor comparison it is obvious from this limited data that a simple conclusion can not be drawn but some general guidelines can be established when using modified proctor density testing in lieu of standard proctor testing for quality assurance testing of reinforced. Molds, manual rammer, extruder, balance, drying oven, mixing pan.
Compaction test of soil is also known as proctors test is done to understand. According to proctor, the compaction of a soil mass is dependent on the following four major factors. Proctor test components are shown 25 blows were exerted per lift, which equals 25 x 15 375 ftlbs. Note 1 it is important that the water is mixed thoroughly and adequately with the soil, since inadequate mixing gives rise to.
Dec 29, 2015 the proctor compaction test is a laboratory method of experimentally determining the optimal moisture content at which a given soil type will become most dense and achieve its maximum dry density. A particular soil needs to have an ideal or optimum amount of moisture to achieve maximum density. Compaction of soil process, necessity and theory of compaction. Compaction test proctor test civil engineering notes. Specific gravity of soil measures the mass of soil per unit volume.
Standard proctor test soil is compacted into a cm3 mould in 3 equal layers, each layer receiving 25 blows of a 2. Soil and foundation engineering ced 43 designator of legally binding document. Standard proctor test procedure apparatus calculation. The total input energy for the five lifts is 5 x 375 1875 ftlbs on a soil sample with a volume of th cubic foot. For example, specifications often require compaction to be 95 percent of standard proctor. Soil is compacted in five layers, each layer being given 55 blows of the 4. This plays a vital part in construction for soils are mainly used as supports for a lot of infrastructures.
The level of compaction in a soil mass is determined by comparing the density of the soil as measured at the site with the density of that soil type as defined in the standard proctor tests. Soil mechanics laboratory compaction test light weight standard proctor compaction is 2720part vii1980 reaffirmed2011 theory. The moisture content dry density relationship of the soil obtained from proctor s test forms the basis for. All these results have been obtained using the standard proctor and modified proctor test methods. Proctor soil compaction test compaction is the process of densification of soil by reducing air voids. There are two proctor tests that defined by the american association of highway officials and american standard testing material.
For fine soil, 810% of water and for coarse soil, 45% of water is added. These generally involve compacting soil into a mould at various moisture contents. Pdf compaction of soil at maximum dry density is required in many. Water acts as a lubricant between the soil grains however as its content increases the water may occupy the entire pores and since its relatively incompressible in comparison to the air it may. The standard proctor compaction test is used to determine the optimum water content during compaction which gives the greatest soil density. Summary of method the test consists of the following steps which are explained in the test procedure. The compaction is repeated at various moisture contents.